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Excel for Office 365 Excel for Office 365 for Mac Excel 2016 Excel 2013 Excel 2010 Excel 2007 Excel 2016 for Mac Excel for Mac 2011 Excel Online Excel for iPad Excel for iPhone Excel for Android tablets Excel for Android phones Excel Mobile Excel Starter 2010 Returns the test for independence. CHITEST returns the value from the chi-squared (χ2) distribution for the statistic and the appropriate degrees of freedom. You can use χ2 tests to determine whether hypothesized results are verified by an experiment. Important: This function has been replaced with one or more new functions that may provide improved accuracy and whose names better reflect their usage. Although this function is still available for backward compatibility, you should consider using the new functions from now on, because this function may not be available in future versions of Excel. Epson Stylus Photo 1500w Adjustment Program Download on this page. For more information about the new function, see.

Syntax CHITEST(actual_range,expected_range) The CHITEST function syntax has the following arguments: • Actual_range Required. The range of data that contains observations to test against expected values. • Expected_range Required. Cara Pemograman Print Canon Pixma Mp237 Dengan Notebook Acer on this page. The range of data that contains the ratio of the product of row totals and column totals to the grand total. Remarks • If actual_range and expected_range have a different number of data points, CHITEST returns the #N/A error value.

• The χ2 test first calculates a χ2 statistic using the formula: where: Aij = actual frequency in the i-th row, j-th column Eij = expected frequency in the i-th row, j-th column r = number or rows c = number of columns • A low value of χ2 is an indicator of independence. As can be seen from the formula, χ2 is always positive or 0, and is 0 only if Aij = Eij for every i,j. • CHITEST returns the probability that a value of the χ2 statistic at least as high as the value calculated by the above formula could have happened by chance under the assumption of independence. In computing this probability, CHITEST uses the χ2 distribution with an appropriate number of degrees of freedom, df.

If r >1 and c >1, then df = (r - 1)(c - 1). If r = 1 and c >1, then df = c - 1 or if r >1 and c = 1, then df = r - 1. R = c= 1 is not allowed and #N/A is returned.

• Use of CHITEST is most appropriate when Eij’s are not too small. Some statisticians suggest that each Eij should be greater than or equal to 5. Example Copy the example data in the following table, and paste it in cell A1 of a new Excel worksheet.

For formulas to show results, select them, press F2, and then press Enter. If you need to, you can adjust the column widths to see all the data. Men (Actual) Women (Actual) Description 58 35 Agree 11 25 Neutral 10 23 Disagree Men (Expected) Women (Expected) Description 45.35 47.65 Agree 17.56 18.44 Neutral 16.09 16.91 Disagree Formula Description Result =CHITEST(A2:B4,A6:B8) The χ2 statistic for the data above is 16.16957 with 2 degrees of freedom.